Document Type : Research Note
Authors
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Measurement and determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in water are important in all societies and countries of the world because of their adiobiological risks and is part of the goals of standards and public health organizations. Liquid scintillation counting technique is one of the best methods for simultaneously measuring alpha and beta-particle-emitting in water. In this technique, due to the overlap of spectra of alpha and beta, evaluation of the alpha and beta interference and the appropriate PSA value is very important for sample counting rate. The purpose of this work is to measure the activity concentration of gross alpha and beta in bottled water and compare them with the allowable limit and international standards. To achieve the goal of this research, the work was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, the alpha and beta interference and the appropriate PSA are obtained using two standard solutions of americium-241 and strontium-90 with activity of 21 and 40 Bq. In phase 2, The 10 bottled drinking water samples from different brands are analyzed using LSC. The results of the sample counting showed appropriate PSA value of 110 for the measurement of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in water. The measurement results showed that the gross alpha and beta activity concentrations were 41-62 mBqL-1 and 57-85 mBqL-1 which are below the allowable limit by comparing the standard limits.
Keywords
- J Chen, Radiation Environment and Medicine 7, 1 (2018) 9.
- H Keramati, R Ghorbani, Y Fakhri, A M Khaneghah, G O Conti, M Ferrante, M Ghaderpoori, M Taghavi, Z Baninameh, A Bay, and M Golaki, Food and chemical toxicology 115 (2018) 9.
- S M Karabıdak, A Kaya, and S Kaya, Sustainable Water Resources Management 5 (2019) 1939.
- S Karabıdak, A Kaya, and S Kaya, Sustainable Water Resources Management 5, 4 (2019) 49.
- Z Hu, L W Morton, and R Mahler, Bottled International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, 2 (2011) 78.
- WHO. “Guidelines for drinking-water quality”, 3rd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization, (2008).
- Quantulus, Instrument Manual-Wallac. "1220 Quantulus TM Ultra Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer." Perkinelmer (2009).
- R I Kleinschmidt, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 61, 2-3 (2004) 8.
- R Rusconi, A Azzellino, S Bellinzona, M Forte, R Gallini, and G Sgorbati. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 379, 2 (2004) 53.
10. Y F Lasheen, A F Seliman, and A A Abdel-Rassoul. Journal of environmental radioactivity 95, 2-3 (2007) 86.
11. S Jowzaee, Radiation protection dosimetry 157, 2 (2013) 41.
12. F I Almasoud, Z Q Ababneh, Y J Alanazi, and M U Khandaker, Chemosphere (2019) 125181.
- م غیاثینژاد، س حافظی و همکاران، نظام ایمنی هستهای کشور، امور حفاظت در برابر اشعه (1380).
14. A Abbasi and V Bashiry. Int J Radiat Res. 14, 4, (2016) 6.
15. A Abbasi and F Mirekhtiary, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 314, 2 (2017) 1075.
16. Y Fakhri, G Oliveri Conti, M Ferrante, A Bay, M Avazpour, B Moradi, Y Zandsalimi, L Rasouli Amirhajeloo, G Langarizadeh, and H Keramati, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 15 (2016) 93.
17. S A Hosseini, Iran. J. Radiat. Res. 5, 2 (2007) 97.
18. ISO 11704:2010 Water quality — Measurement of gross alpha and beta activity concentration in non-saline water — Liquid scintillation counting method.
)