Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Physics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Oscillations in various structures of the solar atmosphere, such as transverse (kink) oscillations of coronal loops, can be used in seismology. Transvers kink oscillations of coronal loops are often accompanied by solar flares. Despite the intensive study of kink oscillations of coronal loops in recent years, the excitation mechanism of these oscillations are still not known. In this paper, we aim to clarify the excitation mechanisms of transverse oscillations of coronal loops. For this purpose, first 458 oscillation events were identified by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during its first ten years (2010–2019) with the use of the Helioviewer, JHelioviewer and Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase (HEK). Then, the association of these oscillation events with probable mechanism for exciting the kink oscillations such as flares, lower coronal eruptions and plasma ejections, and coronal mass ejections bursts were listed. Finally, about 138 suitable kink oscillations out of 485 oscillations with high-amplitude, long oscillation period and visible through the naked eye that were accompanied with other probable excitation mechanism of kink oscillations, were selected. This statistical analysis of the transverse oscillation coronal loops showed that that 102 of these 138 oscillation events (74 %) were associated with lower coronal eruptions or plasma ejections. About 38 oscillations out of 138 transverse oscillations (27.5%) were associated with coronal mass ejections/eruption. Also, 65 events (47 %) were associated with flares. The required speed of hypothetical drivers of transverse oscillations were calculated. The magnitude values of calculated speeds for shock wave of flares were found to be lower than 500±100 km/s in 87% of the cases. Also, the magnitude values of speeds for lower coronal mass eruption/ejection were obtained to be lower than 500±125 km/s in 94% of the cases. The magnitude values of these speeds are acceptable for lower coronal mass eruption/ejection. But, such low speeds do not favor the association of the oscillation excitation with a shock wave of flares, as usually assumed. Also, statistical analysis of start time and time difference of hypothetical drivers of transverse oscillations showed that there is no clear correlation between them. The results of this study indicated that shock wave of flares cannot be the main cause of transverse oscillations of coronal loops. So, this analysis shows that the most probable excitation mechanism of the kink oscillations of coronal loops are eruptions or plasma ejections rather than the blast shock waves ignited by flares.
Keywords
- V M Nakariakov and L Ofman, Astrophys 372 (2001) L53.
- J Andries, I Arregui and M Goossens, Astrophysical Journal 624 (2005) L57.
- G Verth and R Erdélyi, Astron. Astrophys 486 (2008) 1015.
- A V Stepanov, V V Zaitsev, and V M Nakariakov, Physics Uspekhi 55 (2012) A4.
- M Goossens, T Van Doorsselaere, R Soler, and G Verth, Astrophysical Journal 768 (2013) 191.
- D J Pascoe, A J B Russell, S A Anfinogentov, P J A Simões, C R Goddard, V M Nakariakov, and L Fletcher, Astrophys 607 (2017) A8.
- H Ebadi, T V Zaqarashvili, and I Zhelyazkov, Astrophysics and Space Science 337 (2012) 33.
- S Anfinogentov, G Nisticò and V M Nakariakov, Astrophys 560 (2013) A107.
- A Abedini, Solar Physics 293 (2018) 22.
- H Ebadi and M Ghiassi, Astrophysics and Space Science 353 (2014) 31.
- J Ganjali, N Farhang, Sh Esmaeili, M Javaherian and H Safari, Astrophys 328 (2018) 1047.
- S Taran, H Safari, and N Farhangh, Iranian Journal of Physics Research 14,1 (2014) 65
- V M Nakariakov, M J Aschwanden and T van Doorsselaere, Astrophys, 502 (2009) 661.
- M L Khodachenko, K G Kislyakova, T V Zaqarashvili and et al, Astrophys 525 (2011) A105.
- V M Nakariakov, L Ofman, E E Deluca, B Roberts and J M Davila, Science 285 (1999) 862.
- M J Aschwanden, L Fletcher, C J Schrijver and D Alexander, Astrophysical Journal 520 (1999) 880.
- E Verwichte, V M Nakariakov, L Ofman and E E De Luca, Solar Physics 223 (2004) 77.
- S Tomczyk, S W McIntosh, S. L Keil and et al, Science 317 (2007) 1192.
- S Tomczyk and S W McIntosh, Astrophysical Journal 697 (2009) 1384.
- C R Goddard, G Nistic, V M Nakariakov and I V Zimovets, Astrophys 585 (2016) A137.
- A Sarkar, B Vaidya, S Hazra and J Bhattacharyya, Astrophysical Journal 851 (2017) S120.
- N S Petrukhin, Astronomy Letters 40 (2014) 372.
- D Yuan and T V Doorsselaere, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 223 (2016) 23.
- M S Ruderman, A A Shukhobodskiy and R Erdélyi, Astrophys 602 (2017) A50.
- I De Moortel and V M Nakariakov, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 370 (2012) 3193.
- W Liu and L Ofman, Solar Physics 289, (2014) 3233.
- A Abedini, Iranian Journal of Physics Research 17,1 (2017) 91.
- A Abedini, Iranian Journal of Physics Research 17,5 (2018)
- M J Aschwanden, R W Nightingale, J Andries, M Goossens and T Van Doorsselaere, Astrophysical Journal 598 (2003) 1375.
- H Safari, S Nasiri, and Y Sobouti, Astrophys 470 (2007) 1111.
- Z Ebrahimi and K Karami, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 462 (2016) 1002E.
- N Dadashi, H Safari. and S Nasiri, Iranian Journal of Physics Research 9,3 (2009) 227.
- M J Aschwanden, R Nightingale, J Andries, M Goossens and T Van Doorsselaere, Astrophysical Journal 598 (2003) 1375.
- H Safari, S Nasiri, and Y Sobouti, Astrophys 375 (2006) 387.
- G Verth, J Terradas and M Goossens, Astrophysical Journal 718 (2010) L102.
- D J Pascoe, A W Hood and T V Doorsselaere, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 6 (2019) 14.
- M J Aschwanden, and J Schrijver, Astrophysical Journal 736 (2011) 102.
- R S White, E Verwichte and C Foullon, Astrophysical Journal 774 (2013) 104.
- S A Anfinogentov, V M Nakariakov and G Nisticò, Astrophys 583 (2015) A136.
- D J Pascoe, C R Goddard, G Nisticò, S Anfinogentov and V M Nakariakov, Astrophys 558 (2016) L6.
- C J Schrijver, M J Aschwanden and A M Title, Solar Physics 206 (2002) 69.
- H S Hudson and A Warmuth, Astrophysical Journal 614 (2004) L85.
- D Tothova, D E Innes and G Stenborg, Astrophys 528 (2011) L12.
- C J Schrijver and D S Brown, Astrophysical Journal 537 (2000) L69.
- M Gruszecki, V M Nakariakov, T van Doorsselaere and T D Arber, Rev. Lett 105 (2010) 055004.
- J Terradas, R Oliver and J L Ballester, Astrophysical Journal, 618 (2005) L149.
- J A McLaughlin and L Ofman, Astrophysical Journal 682 (2008)1338.
- M Selwa, K Murawski, S K Solanki and L Ofman, Astrophys, 512 (2010) A76.
- A J B Russell, P J A Simes and L Fletcher, Astrophys 581 (2015) A8.
- I V Zimovets and V M Nakariakov, Astrophys 577 (2015) A4
)