Iranian Journal of Physics Research

Space weather disturbances and their geoeffectiveness during solar cycle 23 and 24

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Sham Singh

Chandigarh Engineering College-CGC, Landran, Mohali-140307 India

https://doi.org/10.47176/ijpr.24.3.31863
Abstract
We present the findings of a study of the sequence of solar activity that eventually resulted in 80 large geomagnetic storms (distinguished by minimum Dst -100nT to -200nT), 11 super geomagnetic storms (Dst -200nT to -300nT), and 6 super great geomagnetic storms (Dst -300nT) that occurred between 1996 and 2012. Large storms were discovered to be mostly caused by solar flares (M- and X-class), while corotating interaction region (CIR) was also a significant contributor to several of these storms. During the peak and declining phases of solar cycle 23, all extremely powerful storms were observed (2000-2004). It has been noted that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares were always related with super and super tremendous storms (100%). M-class and X-class flares frequently accompany superstorms associated to CMEs. It is observed that 66.6% (4/6) super great geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ -300nT) were associated with CMEs and solar flares. The number of storms related to X-class flares or CMEs were 50% (3/6). X-class flare/CMEs are found to be responsible for super geomagnetic storms.

Keywords

solar flares
interplanetary magnetic field
coronal mass ejections
geomagnetic storms
Subjects
  1. N U Crooker, Atmo. Sol-Terr. Phys. 62 (2000)1071.
  2. S C Dubey and A P Mishra, Earth Moon Planets 84 (2000) 34.
  3. E Echer, V M Alves and W D Gonzalez, Atmo. Sol-Terr. Phys. 67 (2005) 839.
  4. E Echer, et al., 113, 1 (2008b) A05221.
  5. E Echer, B T Tsurutani, and W D Gonzalez, Terr. Phys. 73 (2011)1454.
  6. T N Davis and M Sugiura, JGR. 71 (1996) 785.
  7. T G Forbes, JGR. 89 (2000) 21.
  8. W D Gonzalez and B T Tsurutani, Space Sci. 35 (1987).
  9. J T Gosling, et al., GeoRL. 17 (1990) 901.
  10. J T Gosling, et al., JGR. 96 (1991) 7831.
  11. W D Gonzalez, et al., 34 (2007).
  12. A J Hundhausen, Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 13177
  13. R P Kane, 82 (1977) 561.
  14. T Iyemori and D R K Rao, 14 (1996) 608.
  15. V I Makarov and K R Sivaraman, Solar Phys. 123 (1989b) 367.
  16. R F Muscheler, et al., Quat. Rev. 26 (2007) 82.
  17. V N Obridko, et al., Solar Phys. 281 (2012) 779.
  18. V N Obridko and B D Shelting, Solar Phys. 270 (2011) 297.
  19. V N Obridko, et al., Sol Phys281 (2012) 779
  20. I G Richardson and H V J. Cane, Space Weather Space Clim. 2 (2012) A02.
  21. I G Richardson, Space Weather Space Clim. 3 (2013) A08.
  22. S Singh, D Shrivastava and A P Mishra, Indian J. Sci. Res. 3 (2012) 121.
  23. S Singh, et al., IJPA. 1 (2012) 1103.
  24. N Srivastava, 23 (2005) 2989.
  25. S Singh and A P Mishra, Indian J. Phys. 93, 2 (2019) 139.
  26. S Singh and A P Mishra, Indian J. Phys. 89 (2015) 1227.
  27. B T Tsurutani, et al., JGR 93 (1988) 8519.
  28. N Gopalswamy, et al., Geophys.26, 10 (2008) 3033.
  29. S W Kahler, Geophys. Res. 106, A10 (2001) 20947.
  30. H V Cane,I G Richardson, and  T T von Rosenvinge, Geophys. Res. 115 (2010) A08101.
  31. J Hwang,et al.,Acta Astronaut. 67, 3 (210) 353.
  32. I G Richardson, Space Weather Space Clim. 3 (2013) A08.
  33. Z Mohammadi, et al., Geophys. Res. 126, 7 (2021) e2020JA028868.
  34. B T Tsurutani, et al., 19 (1992) 73.
  35. I G Usoskin, et al., J. 700, 2 (2009) L154.
  36. W D Gonzalez, et al., 158 (2011) 69.
  37. A Belov, et al.,  Cosmic Res.43, 3 (2005) 165.
  38. D F Webb and R A Howard, 99 (1994) 4201.
  39. D F Webb, Rv Geo. 33 (1995)
  40. Y Zhang, et al., Solar Phys. 241 (2007) 329.
  41. X Luo, et al., 18, 6 (2018) 1784.
  42. J Feynman and S B Gabriel, Geophys. Res. 105, A5 (2000) 10543.
  43. D M Oliveira, et al.,Space Weather 16 (2018) 6.
  44. J M Wilcox and D S Colburn, Rv Geo. 75 (1970) 6366.
  45. S Taran, et al., Space Res. 71, 12 (2023) 5453.
  46. J C Zhang, et al., 111 (2006) 1.
  47. A R Choudhari, Ent. Sci. 74 (1998) 478.
  48. S Watari, Earth Planets Space 69 (2017) 70.
  49. P F Chen, Living Rev. Solar Phys. 8 (2011) 1.
  50. S Yashiro, et al., Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) A12S05.
  51. R L Moore, et al., Astrophys. 552 (2001) 833.
  52. J Lin, J. Astron. Astrophys. 2 (2002) 539.
  53. J Lin and T G Forbes. Geophys. Res.105 (2000) 2375.
  54. J Wang, et al., Phys. 244 (2007) 75.
  55. S E Forbush, Rev. 70 (1946) 771.

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us

تحت نظارت وف بومی