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Abstract
This manuscript is the collection of lectures given in the summer school on strongly correlated electron systems held at Isfahan university of technology, June 2007. A short overview on quantum magnetism and spin systems is presented. The numerical exact diagonalization (Lanczos) alghorithm is explained in a pedagogical ground. This is a method to get some ground state properties on finite cluster of lattice models. Two extensions of Lanczos method to get the excited states and also finite temperature properties of quantum models are also explained. The basic notions of quantum phase transition is discussed in term of Ising model in transverse field. Its phase diagram and critical properties are explained using the quantum renormalization group approach. Most of the topics are in tutorial level with hints to recent research activities.
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