Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Kamrup College, Chamata, Nalbari, India
2 2. Department of Mathematics, Manipur University, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
Abstract
Considering bulk viscosity as (i) constant quantity and (ii) functions of cosmic time, the field equations in 5-dimensional Bianchi type-I model in the context of general theory of relativity, has been obtained and solved in this paper by the use of certain physical assumptions, which are agreeing with the present observational findings. In both cases, the model represents an exponentially expanding and accelerating Universe that starts with volume 0 and stops with infinite volume. The model has an initial singularity and will eventually approach the de-Sitter phase ( ). It also satisfies the energy conditions and . This model represents a matter-dominated Universe that agrees with current observational data. The model is anisotropic one and shearing throughout its evolution for .
Considering bulk viscosity as (i) constant quantity and (ii) functions of cosmic time, the field equations in 5-dimensional Bianchi type-I model in the context of general theory of relativity, has been obtained and solved in this paper by the use of certain physical assumptions, which are agreeing with the present observational findings. In both cases, the model represents an exponentially expanding and accelerating Universe that starts with volume 0 and stops with infinite volume. The model has an initial singularity and will eventually approach the de-Sitter phase ( ). It also satisfies the energy conditions and . This model represents a matter-dominated Universe that agrees with current observational data. The model is anisotropic one and shearing throughout its evolution for .
Keywords
Main Subjects
- P S Letelier, Rev. D, 28 (1983) 2414.
- J Stachel, Rev. D, 21 (1980) 2171.
- T W B Kibble, Phys. A.: Math. Gen., 9, 8 (1976) 1387.
- T W B Kibble, Phys. Rept., 67, 1 (1980) 183.
- Ya B Zeldovich, I Yu Kobzarev and L B Okun, Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 67 (1974) 3.
- Ya B Zel'dovich, Not. R. Astron. Soc., 192, 4 (1980) 663.
- A E Everett, Rev. D, 24, 4 (1981) 858.
- A Vilenkin, Rev. D, 24 (1981) 2082.
- T Kaluza, Preuss Akad. Wiss. Berlin Math. Phys., 22 (1921) 966.
- Klein, , Physik., 37 (1926) 895.
- K D Krori, T Chaudhuri and C R Mahanta, Rel. Grav., 26 (1994) 265.
- S Chakraborty and U Debnath, J. Theor. Phys., 49 (2010) 1693.
- F Rahaman, S Chakraborty, S Das, M Hossain and J Bera, Pramana J. Phys., 60 (2003) 453.
- G S Khadekar and S D Tade, Space Sci., 310 (2007) 47.
- G Mohanty and G C Samanta, Int. J. Theor. Phys., 47 (2009) 2311.
- G Mohanty and G C Samanta, FIZIKA B., 19 (2010) 43.
- G C Samanta, S K Biswal and G Mohanty, J. Phys., 38 (2011) 380.
- K S Adhav, A S Bansod, S L Munde, and M S Desale, J. Theor. Phys., 50 (2011) 2573.
- G C Samanta and S Debata, Mod. Phys., 3 (2012) 180.
- P K Sahoo and B Mishra, J. Phys., 39 (2015) 43.
- V U M Rao, V Jayasudha and D R K Reddy, Prespacetime J., 6 (2015) 787.
- J K Jumale, I S Mohurley, D H Gahane and J Jumale, Prespacetime J., 7, 12 (2016) 1493.
- S K Banik, and K Bhuyan, Pramana J. Phys., 88 (2017) 26.
- K P Singh and M Daimary, The Afr. Rev. Phys., 14 (2019) 94.
- D R K Reddy and K D Raju, Prespacetime J., 10, 8 (2019) 1094.
- D R K Reddy and G Ramesh, J. Cosmol. Astron. Astrophys., 1, 2 (2019) 67.
- P S Singh and K P Singh, IJGMMP, 18 (2020) 2150026.
- D Trivedi and A K Bhabor, J. Math. Trends Techno., 67, 2 (2021) 20.
- J Baro and K P Singh, Math. Sci. J., 9, 10 (2020) 8779.
- K P Singh, J Baro and A J Meitei, Astron. Space Sci., 8 (2021) 777554.
- C W Misner, Astrophys., 151 (1968) 431.
- J D Nightingale, J., 185 (1973) 105.
- A Pradhan and A Rai, Space Sci., 291 (2004) 151.
- G Mohanty, G C Samanta and K L Mahanta, Phys., 17, 4 (2007) 213.
- D D Pawar and A G Deshmukh, J. Phys., 37 (2010) 56.
- S P Kandalkar and S Samdurkar, J. Phys., 42 (2015) 42.
- G P Singh, B K Bishi and P K Sahoo, J. Phys., 54, 6 (2016) 895.
- P K Sahoo, A Nath and S K Sahu, Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Sci., 41 (2017) 243.
- K P Singh and J Baro, Math. Sci. J., 9, 7 (2020) 4907.
- K P Singh and J Baro, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 14, 16 (2021) 1239.
- L Poonia and Sharma, Annals of R. S. C. B., 25, 2 (2021) 1223.
- S Sharma and L Poonia, Math. Sci. J., 10 , 1 (2021) 527.
- L K Tiwari and A Kumar, SEAJMMS, 17, 2 (2021) 355.
- C B Collins, E N Glass and D A Wilkinson, Rel. Grav., 12, 10 (1980) 805.
- M Kiran, D R K Reddy and V U M Rao, Space Sci., 356 (2015) 407.
- B Saha, H Amirhashchi and A Pradhan, Space Sci., 342, 1 (2012) 257.
- A Asgar and M Ansari, Theor. Appl. Phys., 8 (2014) 219.
)